Potential Treatments for SARS-CoV-2: Reported Mechanisms and Toxicity
By James Chenoweth, MD MAS This review is intended to discuss possible mechanisms of different medications against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 along with the potential toxicity of these agents. As of the writing of this document, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any of these as definitive treatment for SARS-CoV-2, although trials are ongoing. I have not attempted to compile efficacy data as this information is rapidly changing. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are synthetic analogues of quinine, a naturally occurring extract from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Both are used as anti-malarial agents in regions without chloroquine resistance. Hydroxychloroquine is also used to treat auto-immune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. 1 Potential mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been shown to alter the production of sialic acid moieties in vitro. Siali